ベトナムのお正月 Vietnamese Lunar New Year

ベトナムのお正月

ベトナムは世界の多くの国と同じように新暦で正月を迎えます。新暦の1月1日は祝日になり、街中に「Happy new year」というメッセージが多く掲げられて、カウントダウンのイベントも行われています。しかし、ベトナム人にとって新年が本格的に始まるのは旧暦の1月1日からです。旧暦のお正月はベトナム語で「Tết（テト：節）」と呼ばれて、一年で一番大事な行事です。旧暦では元日が毎年異なっており、今年の正月は新暦の1月22日に当たります。お正月にベトナムに来たら、どこでも家族団らんの雰囲気、伝統的な雰囲気を濃く楽しむことができます。

ベトナムはお正月の1日～3日、日本のように福袋といったセールキャンペーンがなくて、休業する店が非常に多いので、大晦日までに食材、服等のお正月での必要な物を買い込む習慣があります。お正月の前に、多くの食べ物を準備します。例えば、ベトナム風ちまき（bánh chưng）、砂糖漬けドライフルーツ、味付けお肉等です。お正月の食べ物はおいしいこと、見た目がきれいなこと、縁起が良いこと、長く保存できること、お客さんが来たらすぐ出せることという水準を満たさなければならないので、お母さんたちは色々考えます。

お正月の前に、花市場が開かれます。暖かい南部ではお正月にいつもきれいに咲いているホアマイ（ベトナム語：hoa mai、ほのかな香りがする黄色い梅）を、寒い北部ではお正月にいつもきれいに咲いているホアダオ（ベトナム語：hoa đào、花びらが少し厚く、深いピンクの梅）を飾ります。ホアマイとホアダオを見ると、ベトナム人の皆は「お正月が来るな～」と感じます。ホアマイとホアダオ以外に、明るくて鮮やかな色があるお花や実のある木に人気があります。また、元旦にお寺か教会へ初詣に行く人が少なくないです。新年が始まる日は非常に神聖な日なので、「死」「病」等のアンラッキーなことを口にしないように色々気遣っています。 また、ベトナム人は親戚の子どもや近所の子どもにお年玉をあげる習慣があります。子どもだけではなく、年配の方にも齢のお祝いというお年玉を渡す習慣があります。昔お正月に、職場の人はお互いの家まで新年挨拶を回って、迎春のお酒を飲む習慣がありましたが、今は家族や親戚だけで新年挨拶に行くようになった。つまり、お正月は家族と一緒に過ごす時間をメインとするようになりました。

hoa dao hoa mai

Vietnamese Lunar New Year

Vietnamese people celebrate the new year beginning on January 1^st of the solar calendar like a lot of countries around the world. January 1^st is a national holiday, and many messages are hung around the city and countdown events are also held. However, for Vietnamese people, the new year fully begins from January 1^st of the lunar calendar. The Lunar New Year is called "Tết（テト：節）" in Vietnamese, and it is known as the most important event of the year. The first day of the year is different every year in the lunar calendar and will be on January 22^nd of the solar calendar this year. If you come to Vietnam during the Tet holiday, you can enjoy the atmosphere of family gatherings and tradition everywhere.

In Vietnam, there are no sale campaigns from the first day to the third day of the Tet holiday, unlike in Japan where lucky-dip bags (Fukubukuro) are popular. On the contrary, a lot of shops are closed during the holiday, so Vietnamese people have to buy necessary things such as ingredients, clothes, etc. until New Year's Eve. Before the Tet holiday, Vietnamese people prepare many dishes. For example, Vietnamese square sticky rice cake（bánh chưng）, candied & dried fruit, cured meat in fish sauce, and so on. New Year's food should be delicious, beautiful, auspicious (a symbol of luck for the New Year), able to be stored for a long time, and ready to serve when guests come. Vietnamese women think carefully about how to make food that meets these standards.

Before the Tet holiday, flower markets are held. The people living in the south of Vietnam where it's hot all year-round use branches of "hoa mai" (yellow apricot flower), and the people living in cold places like the north of Vietnam use branches of "hoa dao" (pink peach flower) to decorate their houses. All Vietnamese people will feel that "the new year is coming" when they see "hoa mai" or "hoa dao". Besides "hoa mai" and "hoa dao", other flowers and fruit trees with bright and vivid colors are also a favorite holiday decoration. In addition, because the first day of the New Year is a very sacred day, Vietnamese people are careful not to talk about unlucky things such as disease and death. Vietnamese people also have a custom of giving New Year's money to their relative's children and children living in their neighborhood. Vietnamese people don't only give New Year's money to children, but also to elderly people to celebrate their age. Long ago, people working in the same office used to go to each other's home to exchange New Year's greetings and drink New Year's liquor together. However, nowadays, only relatives go to each other's homes to exchange New Year's greetings. In other words, the Tet holiday is now a time to spend with family.

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